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Using a VPN is a great way to protect your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .
When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a rear door to get past the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI needed to hire hackers to get into the phone.
Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a rear door or comparable hack is different, it will become a goal, a decoration for the bad guys. It'll leak sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.
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Apple can't update thembut the bad guys can't get in either. .
Back in the day, if you wanted to keep a document secret you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a protected. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel those options.
One type of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. Another creates a virtual disk that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, all the documents that you put into it are completely inaccessible. .
Similar to the virtual drive solution, a few products save your encrypted data in the cloud. This approach demands extreme care, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a far bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.
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Which is better It really depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial provided by each one of those products to get a feel for the different options.
After you copy a file into protected storage, or create an encrypted version of it, then you absolutely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even in the event that you skip the Recycle Bin, because the information still exists on disc, and data recovery utilities can often get it back. .
Some encryption products avoid this problem by encrypting the document in location, literally overwriting it on disk with an encrypted version. It is more common, however, to provide secure deletion as an option. If you choose a product that lacks this attribute, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .
Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery works since the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known information and reading around the edges of what's left.
An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other document into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, with the exact same password, and you get back the original.
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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all the products accumulated here service AES. Even those that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.
If you are an encryption specialist, you might prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the average user, however, AES is just fine.
Passwords are important, and you must keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.
With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, enroll it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. Another is private, and needs to be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I just encrypt it with your public key.
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Using this system in reverse, you can create an electronic signature which proves your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The fact that your public key decrypts it's all the evidence you need. PKI support is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .
If you want to share a document with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.