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Using a VPN is a terrific way to protect your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple for a back door to get beyond the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI had to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a rear door or comparable hack is different, it will become a target, a decoration for the poor guys. It'll leak sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update them, but the poor guys can't get in either. .

Each the products in this roundup explicitly say that they have no rear door, and that's as it should be. It does mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, then you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to keep a document secret you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a safe. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel with those options.

One sort of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. The other creates a virtual disk drive that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, all of the files you put into it are completely inaccessible. .

Similar to the digital drive solution, a few goods save your encrypted information in the cloud. This approach requires extreme care, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a much bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It really depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you're not sure, read this post here take advantage of this 30-day free trial offered by each one of these products to have a sense of the different options.

After you copy a file into protected storage, or create an encrypted version of it, then you definitely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you bypass the Recycle Bin, since the information still exists on disc, and data retrieval utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products avoid this issue by encrypting the file in place, literally overwriting it on disk with an encrypted version. It's more common, however, to offer safe deletion as an option. If you select something that lacks this attribute, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval functions because the magnetic internet recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known data and reading around the borders of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, image, or other document into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, with the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all the merchandise gathered here service AES. Even those that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption specialist, you may want another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or even the Look At This Soviet government's GOST. For the average consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, register it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you like. Another is personal, and should be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can create an electronic signature that proves your document came from you and hasn't been altered. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact your public key decrypts it's all of the evidence you need. PKI service is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a file with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.